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The Development and Comparative Analysis of Engineering Project Management Modes

Ji-wei Zhu,Li-nan Zhou,Ming-yuan Yu,Zhao Zhai

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年第2卷第4期页码 351-358 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015060

摘要： Engineering project management is the whole process of project construction management activities up to the point of achieving the goals of engineering construction, which adopts the means of planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. In addition, engineering project management modes are the works of project management and the technical guarantee of project success. For the quality and efficient transformation demands of the Chinese construction industry in the process of marketization, internationalization and informatization, based on the connotation and development path of engineering project management modes, the 16 main and new kinds of project management modes both domestically and abroad are divided into trading mode, financing mode and management mode. These have led to comparative analysis and brief commentary. Finally, it will be pointed out that the engineering project management modes move throughout the whole management process, the combined model and the expansion development of financing model. This work will provide reference for project participants to choose the appropriate project management modes and better understand building company transformation.

关键词： engineering projects management mode comparative analysis development trend

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Last Planner System and Scrum: Comparative analysis and suggestions for adjustments

Roshan POUDEL, Borja GARCIA de SOTO, Eder MARTINEZ

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 359-372 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0117-1

摘要： This study provides a critical review of the concepts of Agile, Lean, Scrum, and Last Planner System (LPS). A comparative analysis is conducted between LPS and Scrum to expand LPS by considering Scrum’s best practices. Eight dimensions, namely, 1) origins, 2) main purpose, 3) overall system/framework process, 4) tools or artifacts maintained by the team, 5) team composition and main roles, 6) regular events or team meetings, 7) metrics/dashboards, and 8) approach to learning, are evaluated. After analyzing side by side the eight dimensions, it was found that many aspects from Scrum already exist in LPS in the same or similar form. However, the authors identify four main elements from Scrum that can be leveraged to improve the LPS benchmark, such as considering the Scrum “Increment” concept into LPS, having a clear definition of roles and responsibilities, or adding an equivalent to a Scrum Master to have a designated “rule keeper” in LPS. These opportunities to be considered in new LPS benchmarks need to be tested and validated with real applications. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this work is the first to comprehensively compare Scrum (Agile) and LPS (Lean) and could be seen as a contribution toward the evolution of the Last Planner System for the academic and industrial environments.

关键词： Lean Construction Last Planner System Agile Scrum comparative analysis AEC projects project teams

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Comparative lipidomic analysis of

Bin QIAO, Hong-Chi TIAN, Ying-Jin YUAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 461-469 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1223-3

摘要： Variations in the composition and level of phospholipids (PLs) in yeast cells during industrial ethanol fermentation processes were analyzed. A comparative lipidomic method was used to investigate the changes in total cellular PLs during continuous and fed-batch/batch processes. The phospholipid metabolism in yeast changed during both processes, mainly due to the presence of long-chain poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) that contained phosphatidyglycerol (PG), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS). The complexity of the media affected the growth of the yeast and the membrane composition. Yeast incorporated lots of exogenous saturated and PUFAs from the feedstock during the fermentations. During the continuous fermentation, there was an increase in PLs with shorter chains as the fermentation progressed and early in process there were more long-chains. During the fed-batch/batch process, the PG species increased as the fermentation progressed. This is probably due to an inositol deficiency in the earlier part of the fermentation.

关键词： lipidomics systems biology phospholipids stirred-tank saccharomyces cerevisiae biorefinery engineering

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A comparative thermodynamic analysis of Kalina and ORC cycles for hot dry rock: a prospect study in the

Xuelin ZHANG, Tong ZHANG, Xiaodai XUE, Yang SI, Xuemin ZHANG, Shengwei MEI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 889-900 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0704-1

摘要： Hot dry rock is a new type of geothermal resource which has a promising application prospect in China. This paper conducted a comparative research on performance evaluation of two eligible bottoming cycles for a hot dry rock power plant in the Gonghe Basin. Based on the given heat production conditions, a Kalina cycle and three organic Rankine cycles were tested respectively with different ammonia-water mixtures of seven ammonia mass fractions and nine eco-friendly working fluids. The results show that the optimal ammonia mass fraction is 82% for the proposed bottoming Kalina cycle in view of maximum net power output. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that wet fluids should be supercritical while dry fluids should be saturated at the inlet of turbine, respectively. The maximum net power output of the organic Rankine cycle with dry fluids expanding from saturated state is higher than that of the other organic Rankine cycle combinations, and is far higher than the maximum net power output in all tested Kalina cycle cases. Under the given heat production conditions of hot dry rock resource in the Gonghe Basin, the saturated organic Rankine cycle with the dry fluid butane as working fluid generates the largest amount of net power.

关键词： hot dry rock Kalina cycle organic Rankine cycle thermodynamic analysis

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Carbon footprint assessment for the waste management sector: A comparative analysis of China and Japan

Lu SUN, Zhaoling LI, Minoru FUJII, Yasuaki HIJIOKA, Tsuyoshi FUJITA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 400-410 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0565-z

摘要：

Waste management is becoming a crucial issue in modern society owing to rapid urbanization and the increasing generation of municipal solid waste (MSW). This paper evaluates the carbon footprint of the waste management sector to identify direct and indirect carbon emissions, waste recycling carbon emission using a hybrid life cycle assessment and input-output analysis. China and Japan was selected as case study areas to highlight the effects of different industries on waste management. The results show that the life cycle carbon footprints for waste treatment are 59.01 million tons in China and 7.01 million tons in Japan. The gap between these footprints is caused by the different waste management systems and treatment processes used in the two countries. For indirect carbon footprints, China’s material carbon footprint and depreciation carbon footprint are much higher than those of Japan, whereas the purchased electricity and heat carbon footprint in China is half that of Japan. China and Japan have similar direct energy consumption carbon footprints. However, CO₂emissions from MSW treatment processes in China (46.46 million tons) is significantly higher than that in Japan (2.72 million tons). The corresponding effects of waste recycling on CO₂ emission reductions are considerable, up to 181.37 million tons for China and 96.76 million tons for Japan. Besides, measures were further proposed for optimizing waste management systems in the two countries. In addition, it is argued that the advanced experience that developed countries have in waste management issues can provide scientific support for waste treatment in developing countries such as China.

关键词： waste management waste recycling carbon footprint hybrid LCA

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Correlation of chloride diffusion coefficient and microstructure parameters in concrete: A comparativeanalysis using NMR, MIP, and X-CT

Yurong ZHANG, Shengxuan XU, Yanhong GAO, Jie GUO, Yinghui CAO, Junzhi ZHANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第6期页码 1509-1519 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0681-9

摘要： Permeability is a major indicator of concrete durability, and depends primarily on the microstructure characteristics of concrete, including its porosity and pore size distribution. In this study, a variety of concrete samples were prepared to investigate their microstructure characteristics via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP), and X-ray computed tomography (X-CT). Furthermore, the chloride diffusion coefficient of concrete was measured to explore its correlation with the microstructure of the concrete samples. Results show that the proportion of pores with diameters<1000 nm obtained by NMR exceeds that obtained by MIP, although the difference in the total porosity determined by both methods is minimal. X-CT measurements obtained a relatively small porosity; however, this likely reflects the distribution of large pores more accurately. A strong correlation is observed between the chloride diffusion coefficient and the porosity or contributive porosity of pores with sizes<1000 nm. Moreover, microstructure parameters measured via NMR reveal a lower correlation coefficient versus the chloride diffusion coefficient relative to the parameters determined via MIP, as NMR can measure non-connected as well as connected pores. In addition, when analyzing pores with sizes>50 µm, X-CT obtains the maximal contributive porosity, followed by MIP and NMR.

关键词： permeability microstructure NMR MIP X-CT

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Comparative analysis of impact of human occupancy on indoor microbiomes

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1383-1

摘要：

• Exposure to indoor microbiomes is a public health concern in educational facilities.

关键词： Built environment Indoor microbiome Occupant Building Sequencing

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“中国南方喀斯特”的世界自然遗产价值对比分析

熊康宁,肖时珍,刘子琦,陈品冬

《中国工程科学》 2008年第10卷第4期页码 17-28

摘要：

从地质地貌特征与演化历史方面，结合世界遗产第viii条评价标准，将“中国南方喀斯特”第一批三个遗产地置于全球视角进行对比研究，揭示其全球显著价值：云南石林形成演化历史最复杂，石柱的形态最丰富，代表一种独特的石林形成演化机制；荔波锥状喀斯特锥峰单体最典型，地貌组合形态最丰富，代表典型的锥状喀斯特地貌特征，反映出大陆热带—亚热带锥状喀斯特的地质演化模式与过程；武隆峡谷喀斯特完整地展示了整个峡谷喀斯特发育演化系统，例证了正在进行的新构造运动背景下峡谷喀斯特系统的演化过程。因此，第一批遗产地代表中国南方喀斯特地区自古生代以来长期、多期演化历史；代表地球热带 —亚热带典型的锥状、石林和峡谷喀斯特地貌特征、形成演化机制及正在进行的地质过程；代表地球三大喀斯特片区之最大片区的独特的自然地理特征。

关键词：世界遗产对比研究中国南方喀斯特

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医学专业目录设置的国际比较及对策研究

余中光,张鹏俊,张知新,王辰

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第1期页码 139-145 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.01.018

摘要：

医学专业目录设置对于促进医学学科发展、培养合格的医学人才具有重要意义，在高等院校实施一流学科建设的背景下，健全、科学的专业目录显得尤为重要。为助力我国医学学科发展，本文运用文献分析法梳理了我国医学专业设置现状，系统比较了中国、美国、英国的医学专业目录类别与特点。研究发现，当前我国医学专业目录设置存在专业目录不统一、专业设置数量和内容相对滞后、临床医学专业过早专科化、与住院医师规范化培训专业目录衔接不畅等问题；建议采取统一医学专业目录、丰富学科内涵、体现交叉学科特点、建立规范的医学专业准入和退出机制等举措，推进医学专业目录与国际接轨，为培养合格、规范的医学人才提供路径指引。

关键词：医学专业目录临床医学比较分析

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Comparative cost analysis of three different anesthesia methods in gynecological laparoscopic surgery

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《医学前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 311-316 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0205-7

摘要：

In the current study, we assessed and evaluated the costs and benefits of three popular methods of general anesthesia practiced in our department for gynecological laparoscopic surgery in recent years. Sixty adult female patients who underwent elective gynecological laparoscopic surgery under general anesthesia were randomly divided into three groups: group V, group I and group C. In group V, anesthesia was induced intravenously with midazolam, remifentanil, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with continuous infusion of propofol and remifentanil. In group I, anesthesia was intravenously induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol and vecuronium, and maintained with inhaled isoflurane and intravenous bonus of fentanyl. In group C, anesthesia was induced as in group I, but maintained with isoflurane inhalation combined with propofol-remifentanil infusion. All patients received vecuronium for muscle relaxation. Perioperative incidences of complications and total anesthesia costs for patients in all groups were recorded. In addition, postoperative satisfaction of the patients was also noted, and similar outcomes of the satisfaction were reported in all 60 patients. Although there was no statistical significance among groups, the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting were higher in group C, and the rates of shivering and the needs for analgesics were higher in group V. Anesthesia costs in group I were the lowest. Therefore, it is concluded that the costs of anesthesia induced with midazolam, fentanyl, propofol, vecuronium, and maintained with isoflurane, fentanyl and vecuronium are cheapest, and there is no significant difference in patients’ satisfaction and safety among the three above-mentioned methods of anesthesia in our department.

关键词： general anesthesia economics cost

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中国能源发展空间的国际比较研究

杜祥琬,刘晓龙,杨波,王振海,康金城

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第6期页码 4-10

摘要：

本文提出了中国能源发展空间研究的国际比较分析方法。通过比较美国、加拿大、欧洲各国和日本等发达国家能源消费的发展历程发现，尽管达到同等发展水平，不同发达国家的人均能源消费量却差异显著，由此提出了“两类发达国家”的概念，即按能源发展方式可分为“美加模式”和“欧日模式”（后者也可细分为“欧洲模式”和“日本模式”）。然后，从产业、交通、居民生活、商业和服务业4个能源终端消费部门出发，深入剖析了不同模式差异的原因。基于不同发达国家的比较分析研究和我国实际国情，对我国能源发展空间进行了分析，提出我国人均能源消耗在2010年的基础上还有不到一倍的增长空间，并对我国能源的发展提出了几点建议。

关键词：能源人均能耗国际比较分析

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基于系统发育和比较基因组分析揭示与发酵乳杆菌缓解结肠炎相关的关键基因 Article

赵岩, 张程程, 于雷雷, 田丰伟, 赵建新, 张灏, 陈卫, 翟齐啸

《工程（英文）》 2022年第17卷第10期页码 170-182 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.09.016

摘要：

越来越多的研究表明，发酵乳杆菌可以用于溃疡性结肠炎的预防和治疗。本研究中，我们从中国不同地区的人群粪便样本中分离出了105 株发酵乳杆菌，并对其基因组草图进行了测序。我们分析了这些菌株的泛基因组和系统发育特征，并对4 个模型菌株（发酵乳杆菌3872、CECT5716、IFO3956 和VRI003）也进行了分析。系统发育分析表明，发酵乳杆菌基因组的进化方向与宿主的地理位置、性别、族群和年龄没有明显的关系。我们挑选了3 株来自不同的系统发育支系的发酵乳杆菌（FWXBH115、FGDLZR121和FXJCJ61）和发酵乳杆菌模式菌株CECT5716，通过构建右旋糖酐硫酸钠（DSS）诱导的结肠炎小鼠模型，
探究这几株菌的抗炎和免疫调节活性。发酵乳杆菌FXJCJ61 和CECT5716 可以通过缓解所有结肠炎相关的组织学指标，保护黏膜完整性，增加肠道短链脂肪酸（SCFA），显著减轻结肠炎，而其他两株菌未能提供类似的保护作用。发酵乳杆菌FXJCJ61 和CECT5716 的抗炎机制与核转录因子kappa-B（NF-κB）信号通路激活以及促进白细胞介素10（IL-10）的产生有关。比较基因组分析结果表明，这些有益发酵乳杆菌的抗炎作用可能与一些特定基因有关。

关键词：发酵乳杆菌结肠炎抗炎系统发育分析比较基因组分析

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连拱坝的工作性态研究

顾冲时,李雪红

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第10期页码 93-97

摘要：

连拱坝由于结构单薄，对周围环境变化影响比较敏感。文章结合梅山、佛子岭两座连拱坝的实测资料，采用多种模型和分析方法，对其工作性态进行了对比分析，由此引出连拱坝变形、稳定、强度和裂缝等的不利荷载工况。

关键词：连拱坝工作性态不利荷载对比分析

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Comparative analysis of membranous and other nephropathy subtypes and establishment of a diagnostic model

Hanyu Zhu, Bo Fu, Yong Wang, Jing Gao, Qiuxia Han, Wenjia Geng, Xiaoli Yang, Guangyan Cai, Xiangmei Chen, Dong Zhang

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第5期页码 618-625 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0620-5

摘要： This study aimed to compare clinical features between membranous nephropathy (MN) and nonmembranous nephropathy (non-MN), to explore the clinically differential diagnosis of these two types, and to establish a diagnostic model of MN. After renal biopsy was obtained, 798 patients were divided into two groups based on their examination results: primary MN group ( = 248) and non-MN group ( = 550). Their data were statistically analyzed. Logistic regression analysis indicated that anti-PLA2R antibodies, IgG, and Cr were independently correlated with MN, and these three parameters were then used to establish the MN diagnostic model. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve confirmed that our diagnostic model could distinguish between patients with and without MN, and their corresponding sensitivity, specificity, and AUC were 79.9%, 89.4%, and 0.917, respectively. The cutoff value for this combination in MN diagnosis was 0.34. The established diagnostic model that combined multiple factors shows a potential for broad clinical applications in differentiating primary MN from other kidney diseases and provides reliable evidence supporting the feasibility of noninvasive diagnosis of kidney diseases.

关键词： multiparameter analysis diagnosis model membranous nephropathy

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Comparative analysis of energy use in China building sector: current status, existing problems and solutions

Shengyuan ZHANG, Xiu YANG, Yi JIANG, Qingpeng WEI,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第1期页码 2-21 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0023-z

摘要： Energy use in buildings has attracted more and more attention due to its significant proportion in the energy pan of the world. China is the second largest energy user, yet the situation of energy use in the China building sector remains unclear, due to problems of statistics and data processing and problematic use of these data. In this paper, a series of methods is developed, in the first place, to give strict definitions of energy data and to divide energy use into 4 sub-sectors according to the unique situation of China. Then, each sub-sector is further analyzed through international comparisons. Existing problems of energy use and solutions for energy reduction in each sub-sector are also discussed. Accordingly, it is found that China uses much less energy, in terms of both per capita and unit area, in buildings than developed countries. The difference in energy use could be attributed, in large part, to lifestyles of local people, which could determine their way of energy use but is more determined by cultural concepts than by others such as income, technique and so on, especially in China. However, to fulfill the requirements of lifestyles with higher living standards and lower energy consumption, technological innovations are needed.

关键词： building energy use lifestyle and technology residential building commercial building rural building